C# Programming for Absolute Beginners

C# Programming Tutorials for Beginners: Structure

2009-12-14T22:00:00.002+02:00

In this C# beginner’s programming tutorial, we will take a look at the basic structure of a C# program.

We will use the classic programming example of the basic “Hello World” program. When learning any new programming language this is the example you should start off with. It shows you very quickly how the new language is structured and you can compare it very easily to another programming language that you might know.

If you are an absolute beginner to programming, this will give you a place to start.

Once that is out of the way we can move on to more interesting examples and applications.

Hello World Programming Tutorial:

Open Visual C# Express Edition. Select File at the top left and then select “New Project”. Click on console application and enter a name for your program in the name box at the bottom of the screen. I called mine “HelloWorld” (exciting I know :-)).

Visual C# should open in the main screen called “Program.cs”. It should look something like this:

Add the following C# source code to your static void Main() method – in between the curly brackets { }.
C# Source Code:

Console.WriteLine(“Hello World”);
Console.ReadLine();

Congratulations! You have built your first C# program. Believe it or not that small bit of code on your Visual C# Express screen is an actual program.
Now click the green arrow at the top of the Visual C# screen and your code will compile and run. You should have a screen that looks like the following console window:

But what does it all mean? Let’s analyse it in detail.

Structure of a C# Program:
System:

using System;

The using keywords at the top of the screen enable you to use resources available in the .NET framework (classes and methods already built). This enables you to re-use code and you don’t have to reinvent the wheel as it were. The System namespace is a namespace that provides access to all the functionality of the System on which the application sits.

Namespace:

namespace HelloWorld

This creates your own namespace called HelloWorld in which your class will sit.

Classes:

Classes are blueprints that are used to build objects in C# (and in many other object oriented programming languages). The class name here is Program. Classes consist of many different statements and methods one of which must be the Main() method.

The static void Main() method here is where the compiler will start to run the program.

Methods:

WriteLine and ReadLine are methods (actions) of the Console class which falls under the System namespace mentioned earlier. Methods are actions that a class can take to do something. Round brackets “()” are used to tell the compiler to do something with the contents of the round bracket. In our example the compiler is told to Write a Line using the text “Hello World”. (ie: WriteLine(“Hello World”);) Methods do not always have to have something (called an argument) in the round brackets. Calling the ReadLine method here is just a hack to get the console window to stay open in order for us to view the program. If you remove it, the window will shut almost as soon as it opens.

Brackets:

So what are the curly brackets for? Well these brackets are really to demarcate what portion of code belongs where. The opening bracket “{“ after the namespace HelloWorld tells us that everything that follows, falls within this namespace. It must have a matching closing bracket “}” which is found at the end of the program. Visual C# helps us here by highlighting both opening and closing brackets if you click just next one of them. This can help to avoid errors caused by leaving out the closing bracket. This is one of the most common problems with beginner code.

Adding comments to your code:

You may at some stage (actually quite often) want to add small comments to yourself for later use, or for another programmer to read when reading through your code. If you want to leave such comments in your code you can use “//” before your comment. This tells the compiler to ignore anything after the two forward slashes on that line. It is only for use on a per line basis. Another option for multi line comments is to use “/*” type out your full comment and then add “*/” to close the comment.

That’s all for now, I’ll leave you with the full source code for this programming tutorial so you can check it against your code.

C# Source Code Example:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace HelloWorld
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

C# Programming for Beginners | Visual C# Training Courses

2009-11-30T13:07:00.001+02:00

After having written a three page tutorial on some basic C# programming concepts, (if you haven’t read it, the first part is here: C# Classes, C# Methods and C# Objects) I’ve realised that if this website is entitled, C# Programming for Absolute Beginners, I’m going to have to go back to the absolute basics.

So, in line with this I’ve decided to write a series of C# Training Courses on the absolute basics of C# programming. These tutorials will aim to teach basic programming to you, even if you’ve never read code before.

I will use plenty of C# examples and sample C# source code – this should help you become familiar with how the code is used, and help you to recognise the basic building blocks of programs. The tutorials will help you to understand how to use C# code, and accomplish this all in bite [byte?] ;-) sized chunks.

These mini C# training courses will cover many different aspects of C# development some of which are:

(These are all I can think of now - I know there is a lot more and I will cover plenty more as I go)

Beginners Guide to C# Programming Syntax:
What are those curly brackets there for? What is public, private? Where do I put what? How do I write code that actually does something?

When I started out these were the sort of questions that I had and didn’t want to ask because I though I would sound (and look) stupid.

A Basic Windows Programming Tutorial:
How to create forms. Naming conventions. Getting and using user input.

Web Development - What is ASP.NET?
Web development in C#. Differences to Windows Programming.

Database Programming - What is SQL?
What are databases? Why do we need to use them? Database access using C#.

Along the way I’ll probably cover more intermediate subjects and one or two advanced concepts. I’ll try and remember to indicate whether or not I consider the programming to be Beginner, Intermediate or Advanced, but the majority will be aimed at beginners.

If I don’t get through all these subjects in the same order please don’t shoot me – this is really just a rough guide for me as much as you.
Somewhere along the line, once I have enough content up, I’ll add a contents page for easier navigation through the mini courses / tutorials.

For now, if you feel you want to follow these tutorials, please note that I use a few different tools when programming. These are the ones I generally use and will refer a lot to during the tutorials. You can download them all from their respective websites but initially you will only need Visual C# 2008 Express Edition.

If you already have these then you are all set!

Visual C# 2008 Express Edition

Visual Web Developer 2008 Express

SQL Server 2008 Express

SQL Server 2008 Management Studio Express

C# Programming for Beginners | Integrating SQLMembershipProvider with Existing Database

2009-11-21T12:47:00.013+02:00

What is the SQLMembership Provider?

Basically the SQL Membership Provider provides membership and roles for your websites automatically. It does this by installing a database that can enable you to help users to register and login easily, allowing you to spend more time on building your website and adding content. This is instead of trying to implement a custom designed membership database, which is time consuming.

You need to run the aspnet_regsql tool in order to install the membership and database. This tool can be found at the path C:\ >> Windows >> Microsoft.NET >> Framework >> v2.0 >> aspnet_regsql. This is a command line tool that can be run from the command prompt as well. However if you double-click it, it will run a wizard - this is what I used.

I ran the aspnet_regsql tool first up in order to use the SQLMembershipProvider. This gives you the opportunity to add the provider using an existing database or to create a new (default) database. If you use the default database the tool will create a database called ASPDBNET.mdf. I had an existing database already and so used Windows Authentication and the server name as: localhost\SqlExpress, then selected my database from the dropdown window. Following all the prompts I finished the wizard.

Now, if you open up Sql Server Express (I use SQL Management Studio Express) and navigate to your database you will see that the tool has added a whole lot of database tables all starting with aspnet_. These are the tables that are needed for the SQL Membership Provider. So far so good.

One more thing to remember to do is to set your authentication mechanism to forms authentication. Look for the section that is called <system.web>. Directly below that add the following line: (or change it if it is set to “Windows”)

ASP.NET SAMPLE:

<authentication mode="Forms" />

Now we need to add a new user in order to test the login controls.
Open the ASP.NET Configuration for your site. The icon for this is a small red hammer next to a blue/green earth on the top of the Solution Explorer.

Once this opens click on the security tab and select “Create User”. Fill in the textboxes – be sure to write down the passwords and usernames.

Now go back into Visual Studio and add the login control and the CreateUserWizard to your application, add a loginname control as well. All these controls are found in the Data section of the Toolbox in Visual Studio. Click the green arrow to run the ASP.NET application. Then test the login control. If you login correctly the loginname control should display your login name. It should work fine.

When I attempted to use the SQLMembershipProvider in order to use the built in login control and CreateUserWizard –– I found that the controls worked well, I could log in and create new users with no hassle. However, when I went into Sql Management Studio and ran a query on the table in my database, I could not find any of the records of the new users (The query was very basic: SELECT * FROM aspnet_User). What gives?

Well after a lot of fiddling and testing I found that the entries that are made in the web.config file for the provider set the default provider to the default database – ASPDBNET.mdf When you run your application and register a new user, this then creates another database in your App_Data folder. Even though you told the regsql tool to create the membership database in your existing database, it has created the default database when you registered a new user as well. It then writes the new user details to the database in your App_Data folder and not your existing database in Sql Express.

So how do we sort out this problem?
Go into your web.config and find the <connectionStrings/> section. Here you need to add the details of your connection string to your SQL database.

ASP.NET SAMPLE:

<connectionStrings>
<add name="YourConnectionStringName" connectionString="Data Source=YourLocalHostName\SqlExpress;Initial Catalog=YourDataBaseName;Integrated Security=SSPI;"/>
</connectionStrings>

You need to find the authentication section again and add a new section underneath called <membership>. Here you change the default provider to your providers name (just give it any name). Then you need to add another section under that called <providers>. Here you name your provider (call it the same name as the name you gave to default provider above). There are other properties that you can change here is an example:

ASP.NET SAMPLE:

<connectionStrings>
        <add name="YourConnectionStringName" connectionString="Data Source=YourLocalHostName\SqlExpress;Initial Catalog=YourDataBaseName;Integrated Security=SSPI;"/>
</connectionStrings>

<system.web>
      <authentication mode="Forms" />
      <membership defaultProvider="YourProviderName">
        <!—Add this section to use your database instead-->
        <providers>
          <clear />
          <add
            name="YourProviderName"
            type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider"
            connectionStringName="YourConnectionStringName"
            applicationName="YourApplicationName "
            enablePasswordRetrieval="false"
            enablePasswordReset="true"
            requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true"
            requiresUniqueEmail="true"
            passwordFormat="Hashed" />
        </providers>
      </membership>

Now we need to add a new user in order to test that we are using the correct database this time.
Open the ASP.NET Configuration for your site. Once this opens click on the security tab and select “Create User”. Fill in the textboxes – be sure to write down the passwords and usernames of your new user.

Back in Visual Studio test your controls again by running your site. The logins should all work correctly.

Go back into SQL, make sure you select your database from the list and run your query again: SELECT * FROM aspnet_User. This time you should get one line returned from your aspnet_User table containing the user name that you entered last.

If you do then you have correctly integrated and configured the SQLMembershipProvider with your existing Database!

C# Programming for Beginners | C# Code for Creating C# Objects, Calling C# Methods

2009-10-28T03:00:00.012+02:00

C# Code for Creating C# Objects, Calling C# Methods

This time we will look at how we can create c# objects, and use those objects to call the methods of the class. You should have already created the Bird class according to the last part of this series. If not go back and read that post here: C# Code for declaring C# classes, C# methods and properties.

To create the instance of your class (or object) you need to find the line: static void Main(string[] args)

This is where the program starts its execution. To create your object you have to state the class name first then give the object a name and then use the “new” keyword like this:

//Create the separate Eagle and Chicken objects

Bird Eagle = new Bird();

Bird Chicken = new Bird();

After creating these objects you can refer to them by name. Here we set the properties of the “Eagle” object:

//Set all the properties of Eagle object

       Eagle.pColour = "Brown";

       Eagle.pHeight = "90cm";

       Eagle.pWeight = "1100grams";

       Eagle.pPredator = true;

To output all the properties to the console window use the WriteLine() method of the Console class like so:

//Print all Eagle Properties to the console

   Console.WriteLine("EAGLES PROPERTIES:");

   Console.WriteLine(Eagle.pColour);

   Console.WriteLine(Eagle.pHeight);

   Console.WriteLine(Eagle.pWeight);

   Console.WriteLine("Predator? " + Eagle.pPredator.ToString());

   Eagle.Fly();

   Console.ReadLine();

To call the C# methods of the bird class, use the object name and a dot followed by the method name.

That’s all it takes to call the method. I’ve added a ReadLine() call as well – this is just a hack to stop the Console window from closing, so that you can see all the properties and the result of the method call. I’ll leave you to try and create the Chicken object, using the above as the example. Test your code using the green debugging arrow in Visual Studio. The output should be as follows:

EAGLES PROPERTIES:
Brown
90cm

1100grams

Predator? True
Bird is flying

Here is the entire Program.cs class for your reference:

C# Source Code:

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

namespace TestClasses

{

class Program

   {

    public class Bird

    {

        //this is the constructor

        public Bird()

        {

        }



        private string colour;

        private string height;

        private string weight;

        private bool predator;



        //Properties

        public string pColour

        {

            get{return colour;}

            set{colour = value;}

        }

        public string pHeight

        {

            get { return height; }

            set { height = value; }

        }

        public string pWeight

        {

            get { return weight; }

            set { weight = value; }

        }

        public bool pPredator

        {

            get { return predator; }

            set { predator = value; }

        }

        //Methods - What can the Bird do?

        public void Fly()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Bird is Flying");

        }

        public void Eat()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Bird is Eating");

        }

        public void Walk()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Bird is Walking");

        }

    }

static void Main(string[] args)

        {

         //Create the separate Eagle and Chicken objects

         Bird Eagle = new Bird();

         Bird Chicken = new Bird();

         //Set all the properties of Eagle object

         Eagle.pColour = "Brown";

         Eagle.pHeight = "90cm";

         Eagle.pWeight = "1100grams";

         Eagle.pPredator = true;

         //Set all the properties of Chicken object

         Chicken.pColour = "Yellow";

         Chicken.pHeight = "30cm";

         Chicken.pWeight = "200grams";

         Chicken.pPredator = false;

         //Print all Eagle Properties to the console

        Console.WriteLine("EAGLES PROPERTIES:");

        Console.WriteLine(Eagle.pColour);

        Console.WriteLine(Eagle.pHeight);

        Console.WriteLine(Eagle.pWeight);

        Console.WriteLine("Predator? " + Eagle.pPredator.ToString());

        Eagle.Fly();

  Eagle.Walk();

Eagle.Eat();

        Console.ReadLine();

        }

    }

}

I hope you have enjoyed this programming tutorial on C# Programming for Absolute Beginners and I hope you have at least learned something about C# objects and C# methods.

C# Programming for Beginners | C# Code for C# classes, methods, properties

2009-10-26T10:48:00.006+02:00

If you missed my previous post on C# classes, C# methods and C# objects in code, please read that first (click the link to see that post). The code that follows is a continuation of that post.

In Visual Studio, create a new console project. I called mine TestClasses. A console project runs like the old DOS command line console window.

Right, so to the code. Open the Program.cs class and click directly above the “static void Main(string[] args)” line. First of all you simply have to declare the class.

A C# class is declared by using the “public” access modifier and the keyword “class”, followed by the name that you want your class to be, in this case, “Bird”. If you don’t know what the access modifier is, don’t worry about it for now, just make sure it is public. The curly brackets show where the beginning and end of the class is, anything in between them is part of the Bird class.

public class Bird

{

}

So there, you have now declared your C# class. The class is pretty useless without anything in it, so we’ll have to add a few things. First of all we need a constructor. The constructor enables us to create (construct) the objects later on. Without it we could not create an instance of the class (in this case the Eagle and Chicken objects).

public class Bird

{

     //this is the constructor

        public Bird()

        {

        }

}

According to our earlier discussion we now need to add the C# methods of the Bird class. These were Fly() , Eat() and Walk(). Methods are declared almost the same way as classes are. First the access modifier (“public”) then you need a return type (“void”). A return type is used if your method needs to return something for later use, here your method returns nothing, therefore here the return type is void. So add these to your Bird class.

//Methods - What can the Bird do?

   public void Fly()

        {

          //you would put an actions needed here

            Console.WriteLine("Bird is Flying");

        }

        public void Eat()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Bird is Eating");

        }

        public void Walk()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Bird is Walking");

        }

So, now we have our class and our class has some methods, which enable it to do something. The next step is to add the properties of Colour, Height, Weight, Predator. To do this, first of all declare the variables as follows:

//variables for the properties

        private string colour;

        private string height;

        private string weight;

        private bool predator;

The variables will hold the information. Notice here that the access modifiers are private. This means that outside of the class they cannot be accessed. We are going to set up the access to them so that they can only be accessed through their properties as follows:

The properties either get the contents of the private variable or set the private variable to the value that you will define. You might have noticed the bool for pPredator. Why is this bool? Bool means either true or false, and so here the bird can either be a predator (true), or not (false).

And that is it for setting up your bird class. Save your project as it is.

Next time here on C# Programming for Absolute Beginners, we’ll take a look at how to use this class to create your Eagle and Chicken objects and also how to use these objects to call the methods from the bird class.

For more simple programming c# examples please click the link. This will take you through the C# code for creating C# objects and calling C# methods.

C# Programming for Beginners | C# Classes, C# Methods and C# Objects in Programming

2009-10-21T17:10:00.010+02:00

To gain a better understanding of programming concepts such as C# classes, methods, and objects we are going to look at real life things around us that will help us understand the code structure.

What is a C# Class?
A class is a very important part of object oriented techniques. A class is sometimes described as a “blueprint” which you can use to create an object. For instance if you had to think of a “Bird” you will probably immediately think of a creature that can fly, with two wings, a beak, two eyes, two feet and covered in feathers. That is essentially what a class is, an idea of what the object is going to look like. The class contains properties, for instance: Colour, Height, Weight, Predator. A class is an abstract idea - it isn’t anything concrete. To get to something concrete we must use an object. We’ll look at objects later but first let’s look at methods.

What are C# Methods?

A method is an action that the class can perform. Looking quickly at the bird class, ask yourself, “How does the bird function, what are the verbs?” We could say that some methods would be: Fly() ; Eat() ; Walk(). Therefore these doing words will become the Methods of our class.

What are C# Objects?
An object is an instance of a class. What would be an instance of our Bird class? Let’s choose two different objects -Chicken and Eagle to see how they would differ as objects.

Class Bird:
Object Chicken:
Methods:
Fly()
Eat()
Walk()
Properties:
Colour = yellow
Height = 30cm
Weight = 200grams
Predator = no

Class Bird

Eagle

Methods:

Fly()

Eat()

Walk()

Properties:

Colour = brown

Height = 90cm

Weight = 1100grams
Predator = yes

Can you see how the object is different from the class? They are both of the bird class yet are quite different objects when you look closely at their properties. The Chicken is much smaller, has a different colour, weighs a different weight and is not a predator. The Eagle is brown, quite large, heavy and is a predator. They both however can Fly, Eat, and Walk.
That's it for now, next time on C# Programming for Absolute Beginners, I'll provide the code for the above example using C#.

Here is alink to that post: C# code for classes, methods and properties.

C# Programming for Absolute Beginners - BlogEngine.NET || SubText

2009-10-19T14:19:00.009+02:00

I’ve been exploring two open source blog writing engines for .NET.

They are:

BlogEngine.NET

Subtext

I really don’t know which one to use, although I am leaning towards BlogEngine.NET. It is for a website that a feel would do well from the blog-style layout. It looks like it would be fairly easy to add to and extend. I think I’ll have to download and fiddle with it a bit. I’ll post more on my experiences with using it later.

I think that using a blog engine could make web programming a lot easier - giving one the framework, almost like a content management system.

C# Programming for Absolute Beginners | Job Sites

2009-10-15T17:08:00.006+02:00

In my previous post about C# beginner programmers' job search I spoke about using online job boards/sites to help you to find that elusive programming job.

Here are some job sites that I’ve been looking at and have signed up to, to get you started.

Note that there is a bias toward South African sites because this is after all where I live.
Warning: It won’t take you five minutes (unless you find what you want instantly – not likely).
Before searching make sure you have your CV nearby and be prepared to spend some time browsing and signing up.

Local: (South Africa)

Pastel Job Site http://www.pnet.co.za/

General. It’s worth looking through.

Studio29 - http://www.studio29.co.za/
Specialising in IT.

Career Junction - http://www.careerjunction.co.za/
General job board

International:

Monster.com – http://www.monster.com/

Huge general job board.

UK jobs net - http://www.ukjobsnet.co.uk/
Smaller UK based board

It would seem that most computer programming and web programming jobs out there are available online. This is because (in my opinion) most potential employers expect programmers (quite rightly) to have some sort of access to the internet.

C# Programming for Beginners | Junior Programmer Job Search

2009-10-15T10:56:00.007+02:00

Junior programmers have a hard time trying to get started in a career of programming. There seems to be so many opportunities out there yet they can't seem to gel with what you know or have learnt.

In order to find a job that “fits”, you have to look everywhere. The thing is, if you’re looking for a job who knows about it?

People will tell you that the best way to get a job, or find out about a vacancy is via word-of-mouth. Right, so key to that is to let all your friends know that you are on the job hunt, and tell them to keep their ears open for you. Check.

What else can you do? Well you’ve probably guessed it already – you have to actively look for jobs. So how can you do that? Of course, the old classified section of the newspaper is the perennial starting point. However, as we all know, the Internet has provided us with a lot of tools to aid us. Enter: Job Boards.

You might think that, “I’ll just sign up here, and before you know it I’ll have a fantastic job.” Right?

Wrong. There is such a plethora of job boards out there that you’re going to spend a lot of time looking through them to find jobs that are suitable. Also, not all sites are the same. Some boards are very generalised, and others are targeted to a specific industry (for example IT). You are likely to spend a lot of time wending your way through them, trying to sort through all the noise. After a while you might just start signing up to a few of them, like I did, because “you have to at least do something”. That’s when you really start with the head scratching, trying to remember when you worked where, for how long, what did you do for all that time, why etc etc. Even if you have got a CV with most of the details on it already, you will still be left wondering about some of the fields that they require.

So you’ve signed up now. “But do they work?” you may ask. Well, to be honest I’m not sure; I’m still searching for a job after all. However, two friends of mine (one an electrical engineer, and the other a welder) both got their current job offers through a job site. This shows that people are using the boards when searching for employees and that yes it must work to some extent. I must point out here that most “employers” that are looking for employees on these sites are in fact employment agencies. This doesn’t really change anything (I don’t care if I get a job independently or through an agency, as long as I get a job) but is worth keeping in mind.

At least uploading a CV to one or two of these boards gets it “out there”.
It is better to have at least the possibility of the right job finding me. How many calls or emails I get that are relevant, remains to be seen..

C# Programming for Absolute Beginners

2009-10-14T14:10:00.001+02:00

Welcome to C# Programming for Absolute Beginners. This site provides tips and techniques for beginner programmers (or coders) to help with their, sometimes steep, learning curve. My language is C# .NET and I also work in ASP.NET and sometimes SQL Server. If you follow C# Programming for Absolute Beginners please comment so that I can answer your questions and others can see learn from them as well.

Thanks.

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2009-10-01T12:09:00.003+02:00

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